前言
试验机是在各种条件、环境下测定非金属材料、金属材料、机械零件、工程结构等机械性能、工艺性能、内部缺陷并校准精密仪器旋转部件的动不平衡，对材料可进行拉伸、压缩、 弯曲、剪切、扭转、冲击、疲劳、蠕变和持久、松弛、磨损、硬度测试等。 在对新材料、新技术、新技术和新结构工艺的研究和探索中，试验机是不可缺少的重要测试仪器。 本文对基本定义、研究背景和意义、国内外一些重要厂家的分类和成果进行了概述。 第二部分论述了滚珠丝杠-锥齿轮、滚珠丝杠-链传动、滚珠丝杠-直齿传动和液压传动四种传动方案，并进行了对比分析，最后选择滚珠丝杠-锥齿轮传动系统作为本文的设计对象。 第三部分对试验机的主要机械传动部分，如电机、滚珠丝杠传动系统、锥齿轮传动系统、减速器、轴和轴承、无级变速器等部分进行了选型，详细的设计计算，经过校核后所有的设计均符合要求。
Testing machine is under various conditions, environment determination of non-metallic materials, metal materials, machinery parts, engineering structure, such as mechanical properties, process performance, internal defects and calibration precision instrument rotating components of the dynamic unbalance, the material can be tensile, compression, bending, shear, torsion, impact, fatigue, creep and lasting, relaxation, wear, hardness test, etc. In the research and exploration of new materials, new technology, new technology and new structure of the process, testing machine is an indispensable important test instrument. In this paper, the basic definition, research background and significance, classification and achievements of some important manufacturers at home and abroad are summarized. The second part discusses the ball screw - bevel gear, ball screw - chain transmission, ball screw - spur gear and hydraulic drive four transmission schemes, and comparative analysis, finally choose the ball screw - cone gear transmission system as the design object of this paper. The third part of the main mechanical transmission parts of the testing machine, such as motor, ball screw drive system, bevel gear drive system, reducer, shaft and bearing, CVT and other parts of the selection, detailed design and calculation, after checking all the designs are in line with the requirements.
研究背景及意义
材料试验机是在各种条件、环境下确定金属材料、非金属材料、机械零件、工程结够精密旋转部件机械性能、工艺性能、内部缺陷及动不平衡检测仪器材料可以拉伸、压缩、弯曲、剪切、扭转、冲击、疲劳、蠕变、耐久性、松弛、磨削 、损伤、硬度测试等。 在研究和探索新材料、新技术、新工艺和新结构的过程中，试验机是一种是不可缺少的重要测试仪器。 广泛应用于机械、冶金、石油、化工、建材、建筑、航空 航天、造船、交通等工业部门和大学、研究所相关实验室。 有效地使 使用材料，改进工艺，提高产品质量，降低成本，确保产品安全可靠等。
Material testing machine is in various conditions, the environment to determine metal materials, non-metallic materials, mechanical parts, engineering knot Precision testing instrument for mechanical properties, process properties, internal defects and dynamic unbalance of rotating parts, The material can be stretched, compressed, bent, shear, torsion, impact, fatigue, creep, durability, relaxation, grinding Damage, hardness test, etc. In the research and exploration of new materials, new technology, new technology and new structure of the process, testing machine is a An indispensable and important test instrument. Widely used in machinery, metallurgy, petroleum, chemical, building materials, construction, aviation Aerospace, shipbuilding, transportation, and other industrial sectors and universities, research institutes related laboratories. To effectively make Use material, improve process, improve product quality, reduce cost, ensure product safety and reliability, etc.
国内材料试验机的现状
我国的计量检测事业历史悠久，但在旧中国的试验机制造业是空白的，中华人民共和国建国后，党和工商局高度重视测量测试技术的发展，采取了许多重要措施来发展仪器钟表业。 经过50多年的努力，我国万能材料试验机的制造，从无到有，从小到大单参数到多参数，从静态到动态，逐步发展到初步规模化，随着生产的静载试验机(如拉力压力万能试验机、扭转试验机、松弛试验机、耐久强度试验机、蠕变试验机、复合试验机力试验机等)和动载荷试验机(如冲击试验机和疲劳试验机等)的能力得到有效提升，发展国民经济建设和国防建设。 我国万能材料试验机市场已形成集量程、试验机于一体的格局
产品的开发日趋规模化、智能化、动静态功能复杂，部分试验机产品已远销国外， 出口到亚洲及欧美市场，具有一定的竞争力。 电子万能材料试验机(双柱落地式)如图1-1所示，主要用于金属和非金属材料 拉伸、压缩、弯曲等力学性能测试与分析。 可以自动获取 ReH、ReL、Rp0.2、Fm、Rt0.5、Rt0.6、RT0.65、Rt0.7、Rm、E等试验参数，并可根据
GB、ISO、DIN、ASTM、JIS等国际标准进行测试并提供数据。 电子万能试验机(双柱落地式)性能特点:电子万能试验机(双柱落地式)具有高强度 灯杆固定在上横梁和工作面上，形成高度刚性的门式框架结构。 伺服电机驱动, 伺服电机通过传动机构驱动运动梁上下运动，实现试验加载过程。 分为单空间和双空间 两个模型。 主机采用先进的DSCC-1全数字闭环控制系统进行控制和测量，采用计算机控制动态显示试验过程和试验曲线，并对数据进行处理，试验结束后可进行图形处理
块曲线放大用于数据再分析和编辑，产品性能已达到国际先进水平。 Waw-100液压万能试验机如图1-2所示。 它的程序由一个开放的数据库结构定义。 符合GB228-87标准。 GB/ T228-2002、GB7314-87等试验方法，也可根据用户要求定制 特殊的测试方法。 测量方法采用高精度压力传感器、高精度位移传感器、高线性度低 混合信号处理与放大模块，试验材料力学性能人机交互分析与计算，试验接头自动计算弹性模量、屈服强度、非比例延伸应力，在自动分析的基础上，也可以进行人工校正分析结果，提高分析的准确性。 液压万能试验机可配备材料试验机的闭环控制和数据采集电液控制器(可选) 根据客户要求配置进口控制器，如:DOLI)，它具有强大的功能，叉性都非常优秀能源价格比率。 适用于科研单位、高等院校、质量监督部门和检测中心进行检测、科研、仲裁和使用特殊测试的需要。
China's measurement and testing business has a long history, but the testing machine manufacturing industry in the old China is blank, the People's Republic of China After the founding of China, the Party and the government attached great importance to the development of measurement and testing technology, and adopted many important measures to develop instruments Watch industry. After more than 50 years of efforts, China's universal material testing machine manufacturing, from scratch, from small to large Single parameter to multi-parameter, from static to dynamic, gradually developed into a preliminary scale, with the production of static load testing machine (such as Tension and pressure universal testing machine, torsion testing machine, relaxation testing machine, durable strength testing machine, creep testing machine, composite testing machine Force testing machine, etc.) and dynamic load testing machine (such as impact testing machine and fatigue testing machine, etc.) ability to effectively promote Development of national economic construction and national defense construction. China's universal material testing machine market has formed - set scale, testing machine The development of products is becoming increasingly large-scale, intelligent, dynamic and static functions of the complex, some testing machine products have been exported to foreign countries, Exported to Asia and Europe and The United States market, with a certain competitiveness. Figure 1-1 shows the electronic universal material testing machine (double column floor type), which is mainly used for metal and non-metal materials Tensile, compression, bending and other mechanical properties testing and analysis. It can be obtained automatically ReH, ReL, Rp0.2, Fm, Rt0.5, Rt0.6, RT0.65, Rt0.7, Rm, E and other test parameters, and can be based on GB, ISO, DIN, ASTM, JIS and other international standards to test and provide data. Electronic universal testing machine (double column floor type) performance characteristics: electronic universal testing machine (double column floor type) with high strength The light bar is fixed to the upper beam and the work surface to form a highly rigid portal frame structure. Servo motor driven, The servo motor drives the moving beam to move up and down through the transmission mechanism to realize the test loading process. Divided into single space and double space Two models. The main machine adopts advanced DSCC-1 full digital closed-loop control system for control and measurement, and adopts computer Dynamic display of the test process and test curve, and data processing, after the end of the test can be processed by graphics Block curve amplification for data re-analysis and editing, product performance has reached the international advanced level. Waw-100 hydraulic universal testing machine is shown in figure 1-2. Its program is defined by an open database structure. In line with the standard GB228-87. GB/ T228-2002, GB7314-87 and other test methods, can also be customized according to user requirements Special test method. The measurement method uses high precision pressure sensor, high precision displacement sensor, high linear low Hybrid signal processing and amplification module, human-computer interaction analysis and calculation of mechanical properties of test materials, test junction Automatic calculation of elastic modulus, yield strength, non-proportional extension stress, on the basis of automatic analysis, can also be Manual correction of analysis results to improve the accuracy of analysis.
Hydraulic universal testing machine can be equipped with closed loop control and data acquisition for material testing machine electro-hydraulic controller (available According to customer requirements to configure imported controller, such as: DOLI), it has a powerful function, fork both very excellent sex Energy price ratio. Applicable to scientific research units, universities, quality supervision departments and testing centers for testing, scientific research, arbitration and The need for special tests.
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